Obtain a detailed breastfeeding history and perform a breastfeeding related examination of the mother and infant. For children born in 2011, 79% of newborns were breastfed exclusively, predominantly, or partly. Describe the association between labor and delivery. When computed for exclusive breastfeeding, the or is 0. The basic principles to breastfeeding a baby pregnancy. Pdf introduction of successful breastfeeding principles. Women who breastfeed have reduced risks of developing breast cancer before menopause, ovarian cancer, osteoporosis and coronary heart disease. Exclusive breastfeeding from birth is possible except for a few medical conditions, and unrestricted exclusive breastfeeding results in ample milk production. Exclusive breastfeeding was chosen as the subject of this module because of its large impact on nutrition and child survival outcomes and because it is one of the key indicators that all countries monitor. Guidelines for management of jaundice in the breastfeeding. Skip directly to site content skip directly to page options skip directly to az link centers for disease control and prevention. Life course factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Out of the 53 mothers that stopped breastfeeding, 85% of them did so between 1620months. Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among.
These indicators are the breastfeeding goals outlined in healthy people 2020, the nations health priorities. Exclusive breastfeeding is the practice of feeding on infants only breast milk for the first six months 1, 2. Exclusive breastfeeding ebf is defined as an infants consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type no water, no juice, no nonhuman milk, and no foods except for vitamins, minerals, and medications until six months. These findings will form a basis of designing effective strategies to address barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. Practice exclusive breastfeeding from birth to 6 months of age, and introduce complementary foods at 6 months of age 180 days while continuing to breastfeed. Over the past decades, evidence for the health advantages of breastfeeding and recommendations for practice have continued to increase. However, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in ethiopia has been estimated at 52% which is. Policy national breastfeeding policy and action plan 2015. In resource limited settings where poor and sub optimal breastfeeding practices frequently result to child. Policy national breastfeeding policy and action plan. Exclusive breastfeeding for 3 months reduces attentiondeficithyperactivity dis. Exclusive breastfeeding is undoubtedly significant in the mothers health and liveliness and the infants growth and development.
Considerable advances have occurred in recent years in the scientific knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding, the mechanisms underlying these bene. Exclusive breastfeeding practices consists of this manual and a webbased. The definition allows for prescribed medicines, immunizations, vitamins and mineral. Only 5531% of the mothers practiced exclusive breastfeeding. Care providers 20 and are coowned by the city of toronto, toronto public health division tph and the toronto east health network, babyfriendly initiative bfi strategy for ontario. Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the essential actions for infant development and survival. Lactation amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation due to breastfeeding. According to unicef 2010, exclusive breastfeeding is giving baby breast milk only and nothing else, not even sips of water except for medicines prescribed by the doctor or nurse for the first six months of life. Improving exclusive breastfeeding practices unicef. Background exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged under six months is a simple and costeffective feeding method that ensures better infant and child survival and boosts the achievement of child related millennium development goals in the developing world. Refer to the enclosed resource list for free materials. Breastfeeding rates across the united states have increased in recent years. Does breastfeeding education of nurses increase exclusive.
Jul 10, 2017 background exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding infants only breast milk, be it directly from breast or expressed, except drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicine. Aug 17, 2020 background unicef and who recommend that all children should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life as breastmilk contains all the nutrients an infant needs during this period. In may, 2001 the 54th world health assembly urged member states to. Frequent and unrestricted nursing is the primary factor in producing natural lactation amenorrhea and infertility. Apply the principles of shared decisionmaking to discuss family planning options with the lactating woman. Exclusive breastfeeding during the first months after birth is. Exclusive breastfeeding has been recognised as an important public health tool for the primary prevention of child morbidity and mortality. Starting at 6 months, breastfeeding should be combined with safe, ageappropriate feeding of solid, semisolid and soft foods. When nursing from the right breast, use the right arm to hold the baby. Introduction of successful breastfeeding principles to the system of medical care delivery to premature infants. Breastfeeding is a universal practice among humans and indeed all mammals. The principles of traumainformed care should be used when counseling about breastfeeding.
However exclusive breastfeeding remains at a level of around 55% at discharge from hospital after delivery. The null hypothesis was rejected as there were many factors that hindered ebf practice, p 0. Study of exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers project material. Jan 05, 2020 view and download cdcs fact sheets and infographics related to breastfeeding. Pdf introduction of successful breastfeeding principles to. Describe differences in the rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration based on factors, such as. Oct 17, 2016 chapter 41 principles of infant nutrition breastfeeding chapter contents learning outcomes 321 understanding lactation 321 successful attachment at the breast using a traditional approach 322 successful attachment at the breast. Considering the important role of good training in promoting mothers awareness and, as a result, increasing exclusive breastfeeding. Despite the efficacy of the early exclusive breastfeeding ebf approach to child nutrition in reducing child mortality, few nursing mothers in nigeria are willing to adopt this method of feeding. Communicate hospital breastfeeding policies to new and current staff. Exclusive breastfeeding or feeding only breastmilk elimi nates the ingestion of.
Importance of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding. The module on improving exclusive breastfeeding practices consists of this manual and a webbased orientation program. However, nonexclusive breastfeeding nebf during the first six months can decrease the full absorption of nutrients from breast milk and increase the risk of diarrhea and acute respiratory infections. Remain uptodate in training of exclusive breastfeeding. In malawi, exclusive breastfeeding has been declining from 72% 2009, 70.
Ten steps to successful breastfeeding unicefwho baby. Exclusive breastfeeding has been defined as feeding of an infant with breast milk only without giving any other foods, not even water jolly, 2008. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding and age of introduction of complementary. Manual on the management of nutrition in major emergencies. Guiding principles for feeding infants and young children during. Similarly, psychological intimate partner violence increases the avoidance of breastfeeding 42.
Uniprojects aim of providing this study of exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers project research material is to reduce the stress of moving from one school library to another all in the name of searching for. The protection by human milk against illness extends beyond infancy to childhood and adulthood. Identifying factors associated with good breastfeeding practice helps to increase its coverage and maximize its advantages through. Practices of breastfeeding the rate of initiation of breastfeeding after birth was 87. Improving exclusive breastfeeding practices by using communication for development in infant and young child feeding programmes 1 unicef c4d orientation webinar series 201112 if a child survives the first month of life exclusive breastfeeding goes a long way towards. Infants exclusively breastfed for 4 or more months have half the mean number of. This means to give a baby breast milk only, with the exception of oral rehydration solution, vitamins, minerals or medicines. Implications for nursing practice a multidisciplinary team approach is an effective way to develop a plan to support breastfeeding nursing education based on the principles of the bfhi and effectively change breastfeeding culture and increase exclusive breastfeeding rates in. Consequently, the who and unicef have recommended exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months after delivery, followed by.
Predictors of nonexclusive breastfeeding at 6 months among. In term newborns and infants, exclusive breastfeeding has been associated with a lower risk of sudden infant death syndrome hauck 2011 and a decrease in morbid ity and mortality related to pneumonia in children younger than 2 years lamberti 20. Remain uptodate in training of exclusive breastfeeding practices. Apply the principles of shared decisionmaking to engage families in discussions about breastfeeding initiation and continuation. Study of exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers. Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers. Assistant professor of clinical pediatrics, state university of new york at stony brook, stony brook, ny after completing this article, readers should be able to. The early practices supporting breastfeeding are well practiced with rate of exclusive breastfeeding reaching 63.
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months is proved as one of interventions to reduce infant morbidity and mortality. Mar 28, 2017 adoption of exclusive breastfeeding practice ebf by nursingmothers in nigeria has remained an issue of great concern to ebf promoters. Organizational principles to guide and define the child health care system andor improve the health of all children section on breastfeeding breastfeeding and the use of human milk abstract. To determine the effectiveness of the pro pagation of exclusive breastfeeding amongst mothers in areas served by bfhi designated. This number drops to 49% at 6 months and to 27% at 1 year. Attitudes of exclusive breastfeeding most of the mother have positive attitude on breastfeeding and not accept formula feeding. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practices among. The world health organization who 1 recommends that women exclusively breastfeed for six months. Ideally, infants should be breastfed within one hour of birth, breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months of life and continue to be breastfed up to 2 years of age and beyond. National breastfeeding policy and action plan 20152020. Jul 29, 2010 the basic principles to breastfeeding a baby by elaine ross on july 29, 2010 0 through the 9 months of your pregnancy, mother nature makes sure that ones body is definitely prepared to breast feed your infant.
Exclusive breastfeeding ebf is the application of breast milk alone in the feeding of a baby for at least four months and if possible six months of life, without the addition of water, food or drinks. Pdf introduction of successful breastfeeding principles to the. In summary, who recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six. Global nutrition targets 2025 breastfeeding policy brief. This research was therefore undertaken in order to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices kap on ebf of antenatal clinic attendees in northeastern nigeria. Child needs not to drink water after the sufficient feeding is provided inch 2003. It can also promote optimal growth and development, especially in the critical window from birth to 2 years of age. All hospitals, maternity units and primary health care facilities should adopt and implement effective strategies for the protection, promotion and support of breastfeeding as outlined in the baby friendly hospital. Physical abuse during pregnancy has been linked with early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding 41. Pdf knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding in. Encourage a breastfeeding policy in hospitals based on the principles of the baby friendly hospital initiative bfhi summary. This, to a large extent, has been inspired by mounting scientific evidence on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding in reducing infant morbidity and mortality. Guiding principles for complementary feeding who world.
Definition of breastfeedingbreastfeeding is the feeding of an infant oryoung child with breast milk directly fromfemale human breasts i. Breastfeeding promotes child survival, health, brain and motor development. Educational objectives and skills for the physician with. Ecological breastfeeding ebf according to the seven standards almost always provides this frequent nursing and natural infertility. Knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among. It is the most cost effective intervention to reduce infant. A total of 5431% of the mothers had adequate knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding with 9453% of them initiating breastfeeding immediately after birth. Ecological study of effect of breast feeding on infant mortality in latin america. Be able to discuss how to integrate c4d principles into major elements of a. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as an infant receiving only breast milk and no other liquids or solids except for drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, minerals, or medicines. Similar to the sociodemographic disparities in breastfeeding initiation and duration, for children born in 2007, rates of exclusive breastfeeding through 3 and 6 months were lowest among black infants and infants of mothers who were young, unmarried, had lower incomes. The baby however receives vitamins, minerals and medicines in the form of drops and syrup as need arises who,1981. Policystatement breastfeeding and the use of human milk abstract.
Policystatement breastfeeding and the use of human. The continuation with the complementary will proceed until the child reaches age two. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in infants of six. Proper feeding of infants and young children can increase their chances of survival. Cultural practices on infant feeding and nursingmothers. The practice of breastfeeding an infant is one of the sex roles of the female human which is as old as humanity. Exclusive breastfeeding refers to exclusive feeding of human milk to infants for any period of time up to 6 months of age, without the addition of water, breast milk substitutes, other liquids and or solid foods, with the exception of vitamins, minerals and. Knowledge, attitudes and practices on exclusive breastfeeding. In addition, there are psychological factors that hinder breast. We aimed to determine factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding.
Please, sit back and study the below research material carefully. Exclusive breastfeeding has been recognised as an important public health tool for the. Programme for promotion of breastfeeding national health mission. Much remains to be done to make exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life the norm for infant feeding and. List 10 evidencebased strategies that increase initiation and exclusive breastfeeding rates list strategies that facilitate collaboration among team members use effective communication techniques with breastfeeding women and families module 2. Breastfeeding positions sitting positions the cradle hold hold the baby horizontally facing the mother. Overcoming clinical barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is recognized as the unequalled way to provide optimal nutritional, immunological and emotional nurturing of infants. Pdf importance of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary. The breastfeeding protocols are based on the city of torontos breastfeeding protocols for health.
Exclusive breastfeeding ebf has been defined by the who as the situation where the infant has received only breast milk from hisher mother or a wet nurse, or expressed breast milk and no other liquids, or solids, with the exception of drops or syrups consisting of. Feb 22, 2012 sus exclusive breastfeeding reveal that for any breastfeeding, the multivariate odds ratio or is 0. To determine the socio demographic predictive factors of exclusive breastfeeding. Early initiation also good and most mothers think breast feeding mandatory table 4. Exclusive breastfeeding practice and associated factors. Inform the staff of the shortterm and longterm advantages of breastfeeding. Footnote 1 footnote 2 footnote 3 consistent with the world health organization who global recommendation for public health, health canada recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months, and sustained for up to 2 years or longer with appropriate.
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